The logical integration of files can be obtained with explicit relationships and implicit relationships. The explicit relationship between the records of some fille by compiling those records in a hierarchy, called a hierarchical structure, in which each layer at a level can be connected to various lower-level records. Although hierarchical structures have remarkable abilities in overcoming physical constraints, the use of such explicit relationships still has weaknesses.
Implicit relationships, relationships between records that do not have to be explicitly stated, special link fields do not need to be included in the record. This approach is called the relational structure and uses an implicit relationship, a relationship that can be expressed indirectly from existing data records. The advantage of relational structures for CBIS (the computer-based information system) is the flexibility it offers in the design and use of databases. Users and information specialists are exempt from having to identify all the necessary information before creating the database.
The process of creating a database includes three stages, namely determining data requirements, explaining data, and entering data into a database.
Determining data needs
Defining data requirements is a key step in CBIS. There are two approaches in this stage is the process-oriented approach by following the steps that have been defined that is defining the problem, set the data to be processed as information and then define the necessary information then process and process information, and the final process is to take decisions in solving the problem. The second is the company model approach. This approach is to overcome the weaknesses of the first approach (it is difficult to link data from one system to another). Therefore it is solved by determining all the data needs of the company and then storing the data in the database.
Describes the data
After the required data elements are specified, then the data elements are described in the form of data dictionary (data dictionary). The data dictionary is an encyclopedia of information pertaining to organizational data, and this explanation is communicated to the computer through the DDL description description language, which generates the schema. Subschemists reflect the needs of individual users.
Enter data
Once the schema and subsystems are created the data can be entered into the database. This can be done by entering data directly into the DBMS, reading data from tape or disk or scanning data optically. The data is ready for use once it is in the database.
Implicit relationships, relationships between records that do not have to be explicitly stated, special link fields do not need to be included in the record. This approach is called the relational structure and uses an implicit relationship, a relationship that can be expressed indirectly from existing data records. The advantage of relational structures for CBIS (the computer-based information system) is the flexibility it offers in the design and use of databases. Users and information specialists are exempt from having to identify all the necessary information before creating the database.
The process of creating a database includes three stages, namely determining data requirements, explaining data, and entering data into a database.
Determining data needs
Defining data requirements is a key step in CBIS. There are two approaches in this stage is the process-oriented approach by following the steps that have been defined that is defining the problem, set the data to be processed as information and then define the necessary information then process and process information, and the final process is to take decisions in solving the problem. The second is the company model approach. This approach is to overcome the weaknesses of the first approach (it is difficult to link data from one system to another). Therefore it is solved by determining all the data needs of the company and then storing the data in the database.
Describes the data
After the required data elements are specified, then the data elements are described in the form of data dictionary (data dictionary). The data dictionary is an encyclopedia of information pertaining to organizational data, and this explanation is communicated to the computer through the DDL description description language, which generates the schema. Subschemists reflect the needs of individual users.
Enter data
Once the schema and subsystems are created the data can be entered into the database. This can be done by entering data directly into the DBMS, reading data from tape or disk or scanning data optically. The data is ready for use once it is in the database.
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